22 February 2021
Did you know that some form of periodontal disease is reported in 80% of dogs and 70% of cats over the age of 3? It is one of the most common diseases observed by veterinarians and is reaching epidemic proportions. Small dogs and cats are more prone to periodontal disease due to their small mouth size and overcrowding of the teeth. Small dogs also have a lower ratio of bone to teeth in their lower jaw when compared to large breeds, therefore the deterioration of the bone in small breeds has a larger impact. Although smaller breeds are more prone to dental problems, all cats and dogs are at risk without proper oral care.
Most pets have periodontitis due to an accumulation of plaque on their teeth that is not removed. Plaque deposits are caused by bacteria and allow the bacteria to proliferate. These bacteria not only cause bad breath but damage the gum tissue, connective tissue, and eventually the alveolar bone. Plaque can be removed most effectively by abrasion and with the help of chemical agents, however, if left untreated will calcify into tartar. Tartar can only be removed by a tooth scaling at your veterinarian, a process for which the animal will need to be anesthetized.
Prevention is key with regard to periodontal disease, and getting your puppy or kitten used to good oral health practices when they are young makes teeth brushing much easier when they are older!
Kibbles are a great way to help maintain healthy teeth due to the abrasion on the teeth that removes plaque. However, dogs and cats often only chew with their molars making it hard for kibbles to target the canine teeth, located at the front of their mouths. Brushing will benefit your puppy or kitten by removing plaque from all teeth but is especially important for those teeth that a kibble does not get to.
Ideally, you should brush your pet’s teeth every day for 2 minutes. Kittens and puppies love to have a routine, so if you can establish a routine to brush your pet’s teeth at the same time every day, they may be more receptive.
It is best to get your pet used to the toothbrush and toothpaste by introducing it slowly. Start by showing your cat or dog the toothbrush and touching it to their mouth. Don’t forget to reward them with treats after each step!
Place a small amount of toothpaste on your finger or the toothbrush and let them lick it off. It is important to always use toothpaste specifically designed for pets and not for humans. Human toothpaste can be toxic and is never recommended for companion animals. We recommend using a cat or dog toothpaste containing an enzyme to help fight plaque-causing bacteria. There are a variety of toothbrushes available on the market. Use a toothbrush that is easiest and most convenient for you to manipulate.
Gently brush your cat or dog’s teeth by moving the toothbrush in circular motions on the teeth, paying special attention to the gum line. The abrasive rubbing action is what will remove plaque and prevent periodontal diseases such as gingivitis.
You may give your cat or dog breaks, as not to overwhelm them, rewarding them for their patience with positive reinforcement including kind words, pets, and treats.
It may take time for your cat or dog to adjust to brushing, but don’t give up! Two minutes of brushing per day is much more agreeable for your pet than suffering through periodontal disease or anesthetized teeth cleanings at the vet.
Unlike human toothpaste which contains fluoride and detergents, toothpaste intended for animals does not need to be rinsed away, so once you’re finished brushing, you’re all done!
References:
Case et al. Canine And Feline Nutrition. 3rd ed., Mosby, 2011, pp. 437-449.
Royal Veterinary College University Of London, 2020, https://www.rvc.ac.uk/review/Dentistry/Shared_Media/pdfs/perio_print.pdf. Accessed 10 Nov 2020.
“STAY-C 50, Special Form Of Vitamin C In Support Of Dog And Cat Oral Care | Home – DSM Animal Nutrition & Health”. Dsmanimalnutrition, 2020, https://www.dsm.com/anh/en/feedtalks/petfoodtalks/stay-c50-vitaminc-oral-care.html. Accessed 10 Nov 2020.
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